PETER P. WAN, PHD, was Full Professor of American Language and Literature at East China Normal University, Shanghai, and visiting scholar at Harvard University. Now retired, he is a three-time recipient of the Fulbright Fellowship and author of World History: A Concise Thematic Arrangement. THOMAS D. REINS, PHD, is a Lecturer in the Department of History at Chapman University, California, USA. He has written numerous articles, book chapters, encyclopedia entries, and reviews in publications including Modern Asia Studies, China Review International and Journal of Asian Studies. He is currently working on a book dealing with the consequences of the modernization of Asia, Transforming Asia.