Shi Nianhai (1912–2001) was a pioneering founder of modern historical geography in China. He held key academic positions at Shaanxi Normal University, Northwest University, and Lanzhou University, where he served as Vice President and Director of the Institutes of Historical Geography and Tang Dynasty Studies. Shi contributed significantly to the study of China's territorial evolution and canals, co-authoring A History of the Evolution of China's Territory with Gu Jiegang. His major works include China's Canals and Outline of Chinese Historical Geography. He was also President of the Shaanxi Historical Society and the Chinese Society of Ancient Capitals.