How Deeply Human Is Language?

Chomsky, the Brain, and the AI Fantasy

Yosef Grodzinsky

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English

MIT Press
21 April 2026

Language: reference & general

A leading neurolinguist explains linguistic theory and large language models-the top contenders for understanding human language-and evaluates them in the context of the brain.

Contemporary linguistics, founded and inspired by Noam Chomsky, seeks to understand the hallmark of our humanity-language. Linguists develop powerful tools to discover how knowledge of language is acquired and how the brain puts it to use. AI experts, using vastly different methods, create remarkable neural networks-large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT-said to learn and use language like us.

Chomsky called LLMs ""a false promise."" AI leader Geoffrey Hinton has declared that ""neural nets are much better at processing language than anything ever produced by the Chomsky School of Linguistics.""

Who is right, and how can we tell? Do we learn everything from scratch, or could some knowledge be innate? Is our brain one big network, or is it built out of modules, language being one of them?

In How Deeply Human Is Language?, Yosef Grodzinsky explains both approaches and confronts them with the reality as it emerges from the engineering, the linguistic, and the neurological record. He walks readers through vastly different methods, tools, and findings from all these fields. Aiming to find a common path forward, he describes the conflict, but also locates points of potential contact, and sketches a joint research program that may unite these communities in a common effort to understand knowledge and learning in the brain.

By: Yosef Grodzinsky
Imprint: MIT Press
Country of Publication: United States
Dimensions: Height: 210mm, Width: 152mm,
Weight: 369g
ISBN: 9780262052009
ISBN 10: 0262052008
Pages: 192
Publication Date: 21 April 2026
Audience: General/trade , ELT Advanced
Format: Paperback
Publisher's Status: Forthcoming

Yosef Grodzinsky is currently Director of the Neurolinguistics Lab at the Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, and a professor emeritus at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He is also a scientific associate at the Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum J lich, and the Cecile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, University Hospital D sseldorf. He is a recipient of an Alexander von Humboldt Award, and Senior Canada Research Chair in Neurolinguistics, which he held at the Departments of Linguistics and Neurology/Neurosurgery at McGill University.